Bitcoin · Historical retrospective · 2019
BIP 119 proposed a template-based covenant opcode
BIP 119 describes OP_CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY, a proposal to let outputs constrain future transactions to a committed template.
Read the briefing →Historical archive · 2019 · 10 briefings
Crypto milestones in 2019
10 original, source-linked historical crypto briefings associated with events or proposals documented in 2019. Articles were published Sep 28, 2026.
Bitcoin · Historical retrospective · 2019
BIP 324 proposed encrypted transport for Bitcoin peer connections
BIP 324 specifies an encrypted P2P transport protocol designed to make Bitcoin network traffic less easily classified and tampered with in transit.
Read the briefing →Bitcoin · Historical retrospective · 2019
BIP 84 defined wallet paths for native SegWit accounts
BIP 84 documents a derivation-path convention for native SegWit P2WPKH accounts.
Read the briefing →Ethereum · Historical retrospective · 2019
Constantinople refined Ethereum execution and delayed the difficulty bomb
Constantinople activated in February 2019, changing gas costs and EVM behavior while reducing the block reward and postponing the difficulty bomb.
Read the briefing →Layer 2 · Historical retrospective · 2019
Data availability became a key criterion for rollup safety
A rollup must make enough transaction data available for users or independent parties to reconstruct state and challenge invalid behavior.
Read the briefing →Stablecoins · Historical retrospective · 2019
Facebook’s Libra proposal brought stablecoins into policy debate
Facebook announced Libra in 2019 as a proposed global payment network using a reserve-backed digital currency design.
Read the briefing →Ethereum · Historical retrospective · 2019
Istanbul changed gas costs and contract interoperability rules
The December 2019 Istanbul fork included EIPs affecting gas pricing, calldata cost and compatibility for smart contracts.
Read the briefing →DeFi · Historical retrospective · 2019
Multi-Collateral Dai broadened Maker’s collateral framework
Maker’s Multi-Collateral Dai launch allowed additional collateral types to support Dai issuance beyond the original single-collateral design.
Read the briefing →Layer 2 · Historical retrospective · 2019
Optimistic rollups made challenge periods a security primitive
Optimistic rollups post state claims that are treated as valid unless someone submits a successful fraud proof during a challenge window.
Read the briefing →DeFi · Historical retrospective · 2019
Synthetix explored synthetic exposure through collateralized debt
Synthetix’s protocol design used collateral and debt accounting to support synthetic assets whose values referenced external markets.
Read the briefing →Event or proposal year: 2019. These retrospective articles were first published Sep 28, 2026.