Historical retrospective · Ethereum
Berlin prepared Ethereum for more efficient transaction access
Berlin activated in April 2021 and included changes that adjusted gas costs and introduced an optional access-list transaction type.
The upgrade aimed to improve resource accounting and give transactions a way to declare which state they expected to access.
Berlin laid groundwork for the larger fee-market and execution changes that followed in London.
Even backward-compatible transaction formats require wallet and infrastructure testing to prevent compatibility surprises.
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