Historical retrospective · Layer 2
Starknet brought validity-proof execution to Ethereum scaling
Starknet uses validity proofs to attest that batches of transactions follow its execution rules, with Ethereum contracts verifying commitments.
The model offers a different security and data-availability design from optimistic rollups, with trade-offs in prover and upgrade infrastructure.
Zero-knowledge systems moved from research headlines toward production networks and application ecosystems.
“ZK” does not by itself guarantee decentralization or privacy; the sequencer, prover and bridge architecture still matter.
Primary source
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