Layer 2 · Historical retrospective · 2024
Blob fees created a new cost component for rollup operators
After Dencun, rollups could publish data using blobs with a dedicated fee market rather than paying only calldata prices.
Read the briefing →Historical archive · 2024 · 9 briefings
Crypto milestones in 2024
9 original, source-linked historical crypto briefings associated with events or proposals documented in 2024. Articles were published Sep 28, 2026.
Security · Historical retrospective · 2024
Bridge architecture became a practical due-diligence topic
Bridge designs range from canonical rollup contracts to external validator committees, each with different verification and recovery assumptions.
Read the briefing →Ethereum · Historical retrospective · 2024
Dencun added blob transactions to support rollup data
The March 2024 Dencun upgrade introduced EIP-4844 blob-carrying transactions, creating a separate data-availability lane for rollups.
Read the briefing →Layer 2 · Historical retrospective · 2024
EIP-4844 created a temporary data lane for rollups
EIP-4844 introduced blob-carrying transactions that make rollup data available under a separate fee market and retention model.
Read the briefing →Stablecoins · Historical retrospective · 2024
MiCA’s stablecoin provisions began applying in the EU
The EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation introduced authorization and reserve-related requirements for issuers of asset-referenced and e-money tokens, with stablecoin rules applying before the regulation’s broader provisions.
Read the briefing →NFTs · Historical retrospective · 2024
Runes proposed a more structured fungible-token protocol for Bitcoin
Runes uses Bitcoin transaction and UTXO concepts to define fungible token issuance and transfer data, offering an alternative to inscription-heavy conventions.
Read the briefing →Policy · Historical retrospective · 2024
The SEC approved U.S. spot Bitcoin ETP listings in January 2024
On January 10, 2024, the SEC approved exchange rule changes allowing several spot Bitcoin exchange-traded products to list and trade.
Read the briefing →Policy · Historical retrospective · 2024
The SEC cleared a path for spot Ether ETP listings
In May 2024 the SEC approved exchange rule changes related to listing spot Ether exchange-traded products, following a rapid sequence of filings and amendments.
Read the briefing →Policy · Historical retrospective · 2024
The U.S. House passed FIT21, but the bill did not become law
The House passed the Financial Innovation and Technology for the 21st Century Act in 2024, proposing a framework to divide oversight roles for digital assets.
Read the briefing →Event or proposal year: 2024. These retrospective articles were first published Sep 28, 2026.